Key Takeaways

  • P&C exam typically has 100-170 multiple-choice questions depending on your state
  • Passing score is usually 70% (some states require 75%)
  • Exam covers both national content (70-80%) and state-specific laws (20-30%)
  • Study time: 40-80 hours recommended for most candidates
  • Two main areas: Property insurance and Casualty (liability) insurance
Last updated: December 2025

About the Property & Casualty Exam

Quick Answer: The Property & Casualty (P&C) insurance exam is a state-administered licensing test with 100-170 multiple-choice questions and a 70-75% passing score. It covers property insurance (homeowners, dwelling, commercial property) and casualty/liability insurance (auto, general liability, workers comp). Each state adds 20-30% of questions on state-specific laws and regulations.

The Property & Casualty (P&C) Insurance Exam is required to sell property and casualty insurance products in all U.S. states. After passing, you'll be licensed to sell homeowners, auto, commercial, and liability insurance policies.

Who Should Take the P&C Exam?

The P&C exam is for anyone wanting to become a licensed insurance producer (agent) who sells:

  • Homeowners and dwelling fire insurance
  • Personal auto insurance
  • Commercial property and liability insurance
  • Workers compensation insurance
  • Inland and ocean marine insurance
  • Professional liability and umbrella policies

Most states require you to be at least 18 years old and complete a pre-licensing education course (typically 20-40 hours) before taking the exam.

Exam Format by State

State TypeQuestionsTime LimitPassing Score
Most States100-150 questions2-3 hours70%
California100 questions2.5 hours60%
Florida200 questions4 hours70%
Texas150 questions3 hours70%
New York100 questions2 hours70%

Note: Check with your state's Department of Insurance for exact requirements.

The Two Main Content Areas

The P&C exam divides into two major categories:

Property Insurance (Approximately 50% of Exam)

Covers protection for physical assets against damage or loss:

  • Dwelling and homeowners policies — Personal residence coverage
  • Commercial property — Buildings, equipment, business personal property
  • Inland marine — Property in transit, contractors' equipment
  • Ocean marine — Ships, cargo, freight

Casualty (Liability) Insurance (Approximately 50% of Exam)

Covers legal liability for injuries or damage to others:

  • Personal auto liability — Bodily injury and property damage from auto accidents
  • General liability — Premises, operations, products liability
  • Workers compensation — Employee work-related injuries
  • Professional liability — Errors and omissions, malpractice
  • Umbrella and excess liability — High-limit excess coverage

Key Topics by Question Frequency

Based on exam analysis, focus your study on these high-frequency topics:

TopicApproximate Weight
Homeowners Policies (HO-2, HO-3, HO-5)10-15%
Personal Auto Policy (PAP)10-15%
General Insurance Concepts10-12%
Commercial General Liability (CGL)8-10%
Commercial Property8-10%
Workers Compensation5-8%
State-Specific Laws20-30%
Ethics and Regulations5-8%

Exam Day: What to Expect

  1. Arrive early — Allow 30 minutes before your scheduled time
  2. Bring valid ID — Government-issued photo ID required
  3. Leave electronics outside — No phones, smart watches, or electronic devices
  4. Basic calculator — Provided by the testing center (not your own)
  5. Scratch paper — Provided and collected after the exam

After You Pass

Once you pass the P&C exam, you'll need to:

  1. Complete background check — Fingerprinting in most states
  2. Pay licensing fee — Typically $50-$150 depending on state
  3. Apply for license — Through your state's Department of Insurance
  4. Appoint with carriers — Insurance companies must "appoint" you to sell their products

Tips for Success

  • Focus on homeowners and auto — These make up 20-30% of most exams
  • Understand coverage differences — Know HO-2 vs HO-3 vs HO-5, Coverage A vs B vs C
  • Learn the numbers — Deductibles, limits, and percentages appear frequently
  • Master exclusions — What's NOT covered is often tested
  • Study state-specific content — Don't neglect the 20-30% state portion

Official Resources

For state-specific exam information:

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Typical P&C Exam Content Distribution
Test Your Knowledge

What percentage of most P&C state exams covers state-specific laws and regulations?

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Test Your Knowledge

Which two coverage types make up the largest portion of most P&C exams?

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