Key Takeaways

  • Coverage E (Personal Liability) protects against lawsuits for bodily injury or property damage caused by the insured — standard limit is $100,000 but can be increased
  • Coverage F (Medical Payments to Others) is NO-FAULT coverage — pays regardless of who is at fault for guests injured on the property
  • Coverage E provides WORLDWIDE coverage — protects you anywhere in the world, not just at home
  • Medical Payments (Coverage F) has low limits ($1,000-$5,000) and is designed for minor injuries to prevent lawsuits
  • Defense costs under Coverage E are paid IN ADDITION to the policy limit — the insurer pays to defend even groundless claims
Last updated: December 2025

Section II: Liability Coverages

Section II protects you when you're legally responsible for injuring someone or damaging their property. These coverages can prevent financial devastation from lawsuits.

Coverage E: Personal Liability

Protection against lawsuits

What Coverage E Protects

Coverage E pays when you are legally liable for:

Type of DamageExamples
Bodily Injury (BI)Guest falls on your icy sidewalk, dog bites neighbor
Property Damage (PD)Your tree falls on neighbor's car, child breaks neighbor's window

Standard Limits

Common LimitWho It's For
$100,000Standard (minimum recommended)
$300,000Better protection
$500,000Good for homeowners
$1,000,000+High net worth (consider umbrella)

Key Features of Coverage E

1. Worldwide Coverage

Coverage E protects you anywhere in the world, not just at your home.

Examples:

  • You injure someone while golfing in Scotland — covered
  • Your shopping cart damages a car in a parking lot — covered
  • Your child breaks a window at school — covered

2. Defense Costs Paid Separately

The insurer pays to defend you in addition to the policy limit.

Example:

  • Policy limit: $300,000
  • Defense costs: $50,000
  • Settlement: $250,000
  • Insurer pays: $300,000 total ($250K settlement + $50K defense)

3. Duty to Defend

The insurer must defend you even against groundless, false, or fraudulent claims — as long as they're potentially covered.


What's NOT Covered Under Coverage E

Major Exclusions

ExclusionReasonAlternative
Motor vehicle liabilityCovered by auto policyPersonal Auto Policy
Business pursuitsRequires commercial coverageBusiness Liability Policy
Professional servicesRequires E&O coverageProfessional Liability
Intentional actsCannot insure intentional harmN/A
Contractual liabilityAssumed liabilityCommercial Policy
Workers' compensationSeparate coverage requiredWorkers' Comp Policy

Coverage F: Medical Payments to Others

No-fault coverage for guest injuries

Key Concept: NO-FAULT

Coverage F pays regardless of who is at fault. The injured party doesn't need to sue or prove negligence.

Standard Limits

Common LimitsPurpose
$1,000Minimum
$2,500Standard
$5,000Enhanced

Note: These limits are per person, not per occurrence.

Who Is Covered

CoveredNot Covered
Guests on your propertyYou or family members
Persons away from premises injured by youTenants (requires separate coverage)
Persons injured by your activitiesBusiness customers

Purpose of Coverage F

  • Pays for minor injuries promptly
  • Prevents lawsuits by satisfying injured parties quickly
  • Builds goodwill with neighbors and guests
  • Covers expenses like ER visits, X-rays, minor treatments

Example Scenarios

ScenarioCoverage F?Coverage E?
Guest trips on your porch, $2,000 medical billYESOnly if they sue
Neighbor's child falls from your swing, minor injuryYESOnly if they sue
Your child injures another at schoolYESOnly if they sue
Family member injured at homeNONO

Coverage E vs. Coverage F Comparison

FeatureCoverage E (Liability)Coverage F (Medical)
Fault requiredYES — must be legally liableNO — no-fault
Typical limit$100,000-$500,000$1,000-$5,000
Covers familyNONO
Covers guestsYES (if at fault)YES (regardless of fault)
Defense costsIncluded + unlimitedN/A
PurposeMajor lawsuitsMinor injuries

Real-World Application

Scenario: Guest Injured at Barbecue

Your guest slips on your wet deck and breaks their arm. Medical bills total $8,000.

Step 1: Coverage F pays first $5,000 (if that's the limit) Step 2: Guest might not sue (satisfied with payment) If guest sues: Coverage E would pay remaining damages + defense

Why Both Coverages Matter

  • Coverage F: Quick payment, prevents lawsuits
  • Coverage E: Protection when you're legally liable for serious claims
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Section II Liability Coverage Structure
Typical Liability Coverage Limits ($)
Test Your Knowledge

A guest slips on an icy sidewalk at your home and is injured. You are not at fault. Which coverage would pay the guest's medical bills?

A
B
C
D
Test Your Knowledge

Defense costs under Coverage E (Personal Liability) are:

A
B
C
D
Test Your Knowledge

Coverage E (Personal Liability) provides protection:

A
B
C
D