Key Takeaways
- Washington Law Against Discrimination (WLAD, RCW 49.60) provides broader protections than federal fair housing law
- Washington adds protections for sexual orientation, gender identity, veteran/military status, and other classes
- The Washington Human Rights Commission (WHRC) enforces state fair housing laws
- Complaints must be filed within 1 year of the alleged discriminatory act
- Local jurisdictions may have additional protected classes
Washington Fair Housing Laws
Important: This content covers Washington-specific fair housing provisions. You should complete the National Real Estate Exam Prep first, as federal fair housing law is heavily tested on the national portion.
Washington has robust fair housing laws that exceed federal protections.
Washington Law Against Discrimination (WLAD)
The Washington Law Against Discrimination (RCW 49.60) prohibits discrimination in housing based on:
Federal Protected Classes (Also Protected in WA)
| Protected Class | Federal & Washington |
|---|---|
| Race | Yes |
| Color | Yes |
| Religion | Yes |
| Sex | Yes |
| National Origin | Yes |
| Disability (Handicap) | Yes |
| Familial Status | Yes |
Additional Washington Protected Classes
| Protected Class | Washington Only |
|---|---|
| Sexual Orientation | Yes |
| Gender Identity | Yes |
| Veteran/Military Status | Yes |
| Marital Status | Yes |
| Creed | Yes |
| Use of Service/Assistive Animal | Yes |
Critical Point: Washington protects more classes than federal law. Questions about sexual orientation or veteran status discrimination are Washington-specific.
Enforcement Agency
Washington Human Rights Commission (WHRC)
The WHRC is responsible for:
- Investigating fair housing complaints
- Mediating disputes
- Taking enforcement action
- Coordinating with HUD on complaints
Filing a Complaint
| Requirement | Detail |
|---|---|
| Time Limit | Within 1 year of discriminatory act |
| Filing Location | WHRC or HUD |
| Investigation | Commission investigates |
| Resolution | Conciliation, administrative hearing, or court |
Prohibited Acts
Under Washington law, it is illegal to:
- Refuse to sell, rent, or negotiate based on protected class
- Discriminate in terms or conditions of housing
- Make discriminatory statements in advertising
- Represent unavailability when housing is available
- Blockbusting - Inducing sales by suggesting neighborhood change
- Steering - Directing buyers to/from certain neighborhoods
- Discriminatory lending - Unequal loan terms based on protected class
- Retaliation - Against anyone exercising fair housing rights
Penalties for Violations
| Consequence | Description |
|---|---|
| Cease and desist orders | Stop discriminatory conduct |
| Actual damages | Compensate for losses |
| Civil penalties | Fines imposed by commission |
| Injunctive relief | Court orders to stop discrimination |
| Attorney's fees | May be awarded |
Exemptions
Limited exemptions exist:
| Exemption | Conditions |
|---|---|
| Owner-occupied small building | 4 or fewer units, owner lives there (limited) |
| Religious organizations | For members (cannot restrict by race) |
| Private clubs | For members only |
| Senior housing | Meets 55+ or 62+ requirements |
Important: Even with exemptions, discriminatory advertising is NEVER allowed, and real estate licensees cannot participate in discrimination.
Advertising Requirements
All real estate advertising must:
- Avoid discriminatory language
- Not express preferences for protected classes
- Comply with HUD advertising guidelines
- Include Equal Housing Opportunity logo or statement
Words to Avoid
| Avoid | Better Alternative |
|---|---|
| "Perfect for young professionals" | "Great location near transit" |
| "No children" | "One-bedroom apartment" |
| "Christian neighborhood" | "Near places of worship" |
| "Straight couples only" | Do not use - illegal |
| "No veterans" | Do not use - illegal in WA |
Local Protections
Some Washington cities have additional protections:
| Jurisdiction | Additional Protections May Include |
|---|---|
| Seattle | Immigration status, source of income |
| Other cities | Varies - check local ordinances |
Which protected class is covered by Washington law but NOT federal fair housing law?
Which agency enforces fair housing laws in Washington?