Securities

Bull Market

A bull market is a financial market condition characterized by rising prices, investor optimism, and expectations of continued gains, typically defined as a 20% or greater rise from recent lows.

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Exam Tip

Bull = UP (horns thrust up). Bear = DOWN (claws swipe down). 20% move defines each.

What is a Bull Market?

A bull market is a period of rising prices in a financial market. The term is most commonly used for the stock market but can apply to bonds, real estate, currencies, and commodities.

Characteristics of Bull Markets

IndicatorBull Market Sign
Price TrendRising prices (20%+ from lows)
Investor SentimentOptimistic, confident
Economic ConditionsGrowing GDP, low unemployment
Trading VolumeHigh buying activity
Corporate EarningsGenerally increasing

Bull Market Phases

  1. Accumulation - Smart money starts buying after a downturn
  2. Public Participation - General public joins as prices rise
  3. Excess - Euphoria, speculation, overvaluation

Historical Bull Markets

PeriodDurationS&P 500 Gain
2009-202011 years+400%
1990-200010 years+417%
1982-19875 years+229%

Why "Bull"?

The term comes from how a bull attacks—by thrusting its horns upward, symbolizing rising prices.

Bull Market Strategies

  • Buy and hold quality investments
  • Consider growth stocks
  • Stay diversified despite optimism
  • Be cautious of late-stage euphoria

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